the breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals through contact with water, atmospheric gases, and/or biological organisms. A wave of moving energy in which the wave form moves in one direction along the surface of the transmission medium. They can repeat this process for up to five years. One of the major parts in Earth's outer crust layer. +Reservoirs behind dams trap sediment which deprives downstream rivers of sediment which is an important part of the ecosystem Other uses of sound capitalize on the fact that low-frequency sound can be recorded after travelling great distances in water. +This spring occurs in underground cave systems, which resemble underground highways or tubes These robots, used for many years for simple oceanographic tasks, are increasingly sophisticated. 133 0 obj water that contains very low amounts of salts, such as rivers and lakes, show elevation of land with shape and spacing of contour lines; closer lines mean steeper slopes; flat places have widely spaced lines; series of increasingly smaller closed loops indicates hill or mountain, a measure of the relative size of streams. 136 0 obj Probably the most commonly used water sampler is known as a CTD/rosette: it is a framework designed to carry 12 to 36 sampling bottles (typically ranging from 1.2- to 30-liter capacity) and a conductivity/ temperature/ depth sensor that sends information to the laboratory so that the water bottles can be closed selectively as the instrument ascends. Acoustic systems also allow remote estimates of organism biomass, individual sizes, and numbers of animals present in the water column. -is the volume of water passing through a measuring point in a river at a given time, the amount of sediment that a river or stream carries, an overflowing of water in a normally dry area. Why do currents in the eastern Atlantic Ocean flow towards the south? endobj ]zT8S %HFO$e@ +By trapping sediment in reservoirs, dams interrupt the continuity of sediment transport through rivers, resulting in loss of reservoir storage and reduced usable life, and depriving downstream reaches of sediments essential for channel form and aquatic habitats. Raleigh, NC 27695. Is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids. It's the pitch black bottom layer of the ocean, the name abyss comes from the Greek word meaning "no bottom" because they thought the ocean was bottomless. These waves move through water shallower than 1/20 their wavelength, These waves travel though water deeper than 1/20 but shallower than 1/2 their wavelength. when the level of water within the rock or soil underground rises; water table rises to reach ground level and water starts to seep through to the surface and flooding can happen. $f|-2cMa/jiA *ye5#PtR%D'|88)upvXa*Pu)C}Z'q5cizPHQZ3@5m0 B@$fi)E@ Which direction do gyres flow in the Southern hemisphere? the largest channel into which smaller streams flow. -from volcanoes 2 Trans Am Plaza Drive, Suite 310, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois 60181 Topic for 2023 Tournament Season isEarths fresh waters. Required Materials: Each team may bring one 2 or smaller three-ring binder measured by the interior diameter of the rings. A. Chloride, Sodium, Sulfate, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Bromine. deep ocean water generally has high amounts of what element? A channel that is divided into smaller channels by temporary islands called eyots. can carry/transport. A circular pattern of currents in an ocean basin c. A place where the river meets the ocean :.)=@y o'F@ #G@P From https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce: Sea ice also plays a fundamental role in polar ecosystems. The Ekman spiral: Answer. This type of tidal cycle is found commonly in the Gulf of Mexico. << /Annots [ 56 0 R ] /Contents 43 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 61 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /G3 52 0 R >> /Font << /F4 53 0 R /F6 54 0 R /F7 55 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /X5 42 0 R >> >> /StructParents 0 /Type /Page >> In this event, students will use process skills to complete tasks related to Earths fresh waters. +temperature Science Olympiad Questions for Class 1 Science Olympiad exam is taken on an International level that help the young students to develop their mind. a spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap rock over the aquifer. Cruises designed to study biological productivity may be guided by information from ocean color scanners that detect reflected light and interpret it in terms of chlorophyll content, which denotes phytoplankton production. The information below should not be interpreted as an extension of the rules. +Because dams are built to store water, they also store the sediment that all rivers carry. stream (Slope) the change in elevation between the two points found on your topographic map divided by their horizontal distance. From 3,300 ft. (1,000 meters) to 13,100 ft. (4,000 meters) due to its constant darkness, this zone is also called the midnight zone. << /Linearized 1 /L 448024 /H [ 775 232 ] /O 137 /E 107744 /N 17 /T 446955 >> Cycle B passes Cycle C. A standard rosette/CTD cast, depending on water depth, requires two to five hours of station time. a stream system that resembles the pattern of a branching tree, a pattern in which the tributaries join the main stream at right angles. #n;v_D^BB$6xDPq+qB\BHVyiam^d(8*rMTE:R[*m{E*|*,71kO^ g jEN5{&;%ul=HhE>[*ZO>4NNNsg'zURG Miniaturization in electronics now allows scientists to put computers of increasing sophistication in pressure cases and send them down several thousand meters to control a variety of instruments. All rights reserved. The topic changes from year to year. A kind of sinkhole that tends to develop gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand. Waves with a tiny wavelength less than 1.73cm. A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor. In the polar regions and animals who might visit/migrate to polar regions at least, the answer is yes. % endobj You can expect the highest spring tide when sun, moon, and Earth is in____? what happens if a swimmer gets caught in a rip current? Dynamic Planet Meteorology Road Scholar Rocks and Minerals Solar System Physical Science & Chemistry Can't Judge a Powder Crave The Wave Crime Busters Sounds of Music Storm the Castle Technology & Engineering Bridge Flight Roller Coaster Wheeled Vehicle Inquiry & Nature of Science Codebusters Experimental Design Fast Facts Write It Do It Seawater freezes at about 28.4F because of the salt in it. In general this means that the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres lies along the maximum of the westerly wind jet. xcbd`g`b``8 "~HFS0D~"YI6x.Fj Which direction do gyres flow in the Northern hemisphere? The layering of sediment that forms in most sedimentary and igneous rocks. Dynamic Planet | Science Olympiad Surface currents are powered by the sun and ______________. Eddies do not tend to form in these boundary currents. +A spring where groundwater seeps out at the surface. Tema 6: Qu dice el camarero? The ability of a rock, soil, or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces or pores. Almost microscopic algae and animals that are carried by current and waves. even at the very bottom, life exists (A tiny single celled organism), Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Southern, Samples: Water Trajectories of individual floats show how the water moves horizontally, and trajectories of groups of floats show how the water is mixed by eddies. Tide caused by gravitational and inertial interaction of the moon and Earth. endobj These waves have a wavelength greater than 1.73cm. what is the deepest part of the ocean called? Two very large parallel plates are maintained at uniform temperatures of T1=1100KT_1=1100 \mathrm{~K}T1=1100K and T2=700KT_2=700 \mathrm{~K}T2=700K and have emissivities of 1=2=0.5\varepsilon_1=\varepsilon_2=0.51=2=0.5, respectively. A channel that flows in a relatively straight path; these often develop along the lines of faults and master joints. =wind small free-floating animals that form part of plankton that feed on marine algae. With the light comes heat from the sun, which is responsible for wide changes in temperature that occur in this zone, both in the latitude and each season. << /Linearized 1 /L 392755 /H [ 859 222 ] /O 41 /E 78972 /N 11 /T 392264 >> The West Wind Drift is an example of this type of boundary current. While not exactly "seagoing" instruments, Earth-orbiting satellites play an important role in modern oceanography. Here is another useful resource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents. They provide data from both descent and ascent. An ROV can explore, take photographs, collect samples, or handle instruments, operating around the clock for many consecutive days. A "no-tide" point in an ocean caused by basin resonances, friction, and other factors around which tide crests rotate. The sheets may be laminated or in sheet protectors without annotations affixed. surface winds drive surface currents, and each layer of water drags the layer below, but the Coriolis Force changes each layer's direction slightly to make a spiral effect. Their use for relaying data from instruments at sea to ship or shore is expected to increase with time. =microbial decay process (decomposition). Dmm}W.-22N\jT+bL*aBO;jke>9Rp{*u*? =landfills, =burning of fossil fuels Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Flashcards | Quizlet there is no net transmission of energy in a standing wave, the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth. Influencing other factors: +comes from PRESSURE in confined aquifers forcing the water to the surface. -HRAC}HL_()O:)lW*18ORzw*BXt$O6H_g:6#MHA?j) l}U@7p>j Kd0}mkT*wv4#(t3DF (P40iDQ (b( 1C;PTB A high, often breaking wave generated by a tide crest that advances rapidly up an estuary or river. Scheduled maintenance: Thursday, January 26 from 6PM to 7PM PST. Research vessels transport remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to study sites and provide staging, servicing, and monitoring platforms for them. slows the movement of water and increases evaporation from reservoirs; may hold water back, store water, control flooding, and generate electricity. Where is the Tropic of Capricorn located? Can influence conditions at the ocean surface. how can a swimmer keep away from gettin ginto a rip current? There are many processes at work. The lander makes a second buoyancy adjustment to insure stability once it has landed. of a reaction by lowering the activation energy, but it surface salinity of seawater is ______ (above or below) average where precipitation is high and many rivers flow into the ocean, surface salinity of seawater is going to be ______(above or below) average in desert areas where evaporation rates are high, In polar areas during the winter, the salinity of water under the sea ice_________, as pure water cools from 20 degrees C to 4 degrees C, its densitiy, A zone with a rapid change in temperature with depth, true or false: water temperature from 300 meters deep to the ocean bottom is relatively uniform, When you pour cold water down the side of a glass of warm water, the cold water will, When you add salt to water, its boiling point_____ and its freezing point_____, when surface currents converge, the area where the water sinks is called a_____, type of current where waves strike the shore at a slight angle (runs roughly parallel to the shoreline), the swimmer would be carried out to sea, away from the shore. -from fires (wild and non) Notes: Samples from the Ekman Grab and Soft Bottom Modified Petersen Grab are often processed with this in studies looking for organisms living in the sediments, the wash bucket gets rid of most of the sediments and all that is left are the critters (worms, snails, clams and small crustaceans) that live in the mud or sand. Why do you think the arrangement of neuron layers is sometimes described as backwards?. +sediment type and sources The sea surface temperature ranges from as high as 97F (36C) in the Persian Gulf, to 28F (-2C) near the north pole. The rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air, this causes the rainwater to be slightly acidic due to carbonic acid (which forms from carbon dioxide and water) as rain erodes rock, acids in rain water break down rock, this process creates ions, or electrically charged atomic particals. The eyes of the fish are larger and generally upward directed. Continental shelf, submarine canyon, continental slope, continental rise, transform, abyssal plain, mid-oceanic ridge, guyot, trench, and seamount. =mining der Berliner Zoo. A drainage pattern in which streams follow a roughly circular or concentric path along a belt of weak rock, resembling in plan a ringlike pattern. This event is typically run as either a station event or a sit down test. Science Olympiad - Dynamic Planet - Quizlet +evaporation = 90% of water vapor A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range or some other area. A collaborative effort of scientists from several oceanographic institutions aims to provide accurate measurements at this interface particularly for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Think underground water storage (confined = impenetrable (low permeability) rock above them, unconfined = permeable solid layer above them, A body of distinctly less permeable material that is located above or below one or more aquifers. The materials other than the water that are carried by a stream, Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater, A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer, well that extends into the zone of saturation in an unconfined aquifer, The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration, permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground. Slowing and bending of progressive waves in shallow water. Maximum ratio of wave height to wavelength seen in the open ocean. endstream Is whale communication impacted by changes in ocean properties? Surface oceans circulation is driven primarily by what? 38 0 obj Patterns in which water drains: dendritic (dentrites), trellis (like in farming), rectangular (like those sand shaking things), and radial (run down the mountain). Welcome to Dynamic Planet! Multibeam bathymetric systems available on some of the larger UNOLS vessels generally consist of two instrument arrays attached to the ship's hull.
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