This museum has a large research collection of Sharktooth Hill fossils, including associated specimens, mainly from the Ernst Quarries. You might also find the fossils of one of the largest flying birds known to man, the Pelagornis Sandersi. April 1, 2017 in Fossil Hunting Trips. Fossil shark teeth have been dated back hundreds of millions of years. Low tide - More beach is exposed at low tide so you have more hunting ground. While some people head to the North Carolina coast to enter a sandcastle-building competition, others go simply to enjoy the natural, unspoiled beauty of the area. Its because there are so many fossilized shark teeth that have been found here, and there are multitudes more to be found. Your email address will not be published. The Mysterious Case of the Missing Ocean. No Repairs No Resto Sponsored $175.00 + $10.50 shipping Mosasaur Late Cretaceous Ocean Tooth Teeth North Carolina Holden Beach Fossil $65.00 + $10.50 shipping CAMO! Make sure the beach you plan to visit is known for having its share of the shiny black triangles. The fossils here are plentiful! Often the only parts of the shark to survive as are teeth. WHERE TO LOOK There are plenty of places to find beautiful beach treasures at Palmetto Dunes Oceanfront Resort! Many come hoping to secure a giant Megalodon tooth, but even if they dont achieve that goal, few go away empty-handed. If youre not yet qualified, the possibility of finding a shark tooth worth thousands of dollars might just be the motivation you need. By funnyg480. These incredible pieces of the marine world are a link to some of the ocean's most powerful and mysterious creatures. Reading Suggestion: Oahu The Cheapest Island in Hawaii To Visit. You could always cheat a little by buying a shark tooth from one of the local souvenir shops and using that to practice. Look for the cliffs that have been carved out of the old sand dunes and concentrate your search there. The chances of finding shark teeth on Nags Head are pretty high, especially if you head there at low tide when more shell beds are exposed. Although it takes both time and patience to find a great white tooth likethis oneon Bald Head Islands 14-mile beach, it only takes a couple of hours to find shark teeth belonging to a more common species. When you first start looking for them, you must train your brain and eyes to spot these points or triangles. About an hour and a half later, the 16-year-old boy was attacked in the waters of a beach about two miles away. But every ebbing wave creates a new landscape, so you never know what it may deposit. The biggest challenge is differentiating pieces of gray-colored clam shell from the treasures youve set your sights on. Training your mind and eyes to see shark teeth is similar. No, They Dont! Mosasaur Late Cretaceous Ocean Tooth Teeth North Carolina Holden Beach Fossil $85.00 + $10.50 shipping COLORFUL 1.74" Fossil Otodus obliquus - EXTINCT MACKEREL Shark Tooth - MD $49.00 Free shipping SHARPLY SERRATED SHARK TEETH - ANGUSTIDENS SHARK TOOTH - 1.33" - REAL FOSSIL $44.00 + $6.95 shipping CAMO! One of the fisherman even caught what looked like a baby shark right around 10:30 when we first got out there. So thats great news if youre not able to travel very far, or if you already live near the beach. A lot of the things I find are passed by others hunting especially the whiter or grey colored teeth. Dr. Borden Hooks, who spoke about the boy's condition at a news conference this afternoon, confirmed that he had to have his left arm amputated above his elbow. Black shark teeth are relatively easy to find on Oak Islands white sand beaches, especially now theres a dredging project underway in the sand dunes. Instead, pick a spot and stare for a few moments, looking for the shiny black triangles. Visitors find shark teeth in abundance, with at least one megalodon tooth being unearthed every year. However, you can find shark teeth in some weird and wonderful places, including gravel roads and inland creek beds. These islands were formed in the 1800s when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dug deeper channels to allow large ships to pass through regardless of the tide. detail_page_enabled: true, Early morning - As early beachcombers often get the best seashells, early risers sometimes get the best shark teeth. Search hotels and more. Wide bases are attached to thinner triangles of varying sharpness. "The bystanders, to go ahead and start the process of stopping the bleeding, that was the biggest concern with these patients," Watts said. Hunting for fossilized shark teeth in Florida with Canoe Outpost Peace River's Trey Anthney and Ponte Vedra Beach with Barbara Golden. However, it gets busy in the summer, so its better to head there in spring when the waters colder. Top Rated Plus . Whether youre looking for sea glass, shells, or sharks teeth, weve got a few tips to help you find and identify the buried treasure along our coastline. Calvert Cliffs State Park is a popular destination among fossil seekers. How Much Are Geodes Worth? Reading Suggestion: Are there Sharks in Bora Bora? Wet sand makes shark teeth hunting easier and more rewarding, so head towards the tide line but stay far enough back that you dont risk losing your treasures to the waves. Love the really old teeth! It was a teenage girl with a boogie board. The following are some of the more common and noteworthy of North Carolina's coastal sharks. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no additional cost to you. declaring the megalodon tooth as its state fossil back in 2013, six-inch-long megalodon tooth found on Ocean Isle Beach in 2019, 10 Best Beaches to Find Shark Teeth on the North Carolina Coast. Private property and access to collection sites can sometimes be an issue along the Potomac. Shell deposits - Walk down most beaches and youll see areas where mounds of shells are grouped by similar sizes. Reading Suggestion: The 10 Best Beaches to Find Shark Teeth in South Carolina. Famous for its excellent shelling, almost every inch of beach on Ocracoke Island has a secret to reveal. Not only that, but its also a great place for unearthing other treasures, including the teeth of other extinct and living sharks. Why Is The South Pacific The Most Dangerous Ocean In The World? The most ancient types of sharks date back to 450 million years ago, and they are mostly known from their fossilized teeth. Beach Buddy. For starters, you've got three stunning miles of . Two teens were bitten, two miles apart, on the coast of North Carolina. You never know what you may spot, including another prized find that resembles a triangle: an arrowhead. Stare, dont scan - In aviation, a mid-air collision can ruin your day, so pilots are on a constant lookout for other planes. Thanksy'all!! While its usually better to hunt shark teeth at low tide, on Myrtle Beach some seasoned shark teeth hunters say theyve had more success when the tide is rolling in. 25 days ago. Over the past decade, North Carolina has been gaining momentum as one of the best places for shark tooth hunting. The beach can change from day to day depending on the wind and lunar tides. However, they don't exist everywhere. For serious hunters, a naked eye might not be enough; chances of finding shark teeth increase the more you dig and sift through the sand. Shark teeth don't have roots, so they fall out easily while the shark is eating. Many of the fossilized shark teeth are black, sort of triangular in shape, and come in various sizes. After seeing some of our treasured samples, some people ask how they can find more while others express frustration they never find any at all. Apparently, Stump Pass Beach at the southern end of the Key is the prime beach for finding shark teeth in the area. Im not sure why but I think when my mind is active and absorbing the activities going on around meswimmers, surfers, people walking and playing on the beachI lose focus and miss many of the teeth around me. https://www.dutchsharksociety.org/author/nicky/, Save The Ocean By Supporting These 11 Ocean Charities, How Many Oceans Are There? Shark teeth are arranged in conveyor belt rows and can be replaced within a day. Slog leads divers to "Megalodon Tooth Ledges" from 26 to 40 miles off the. In amongst the sand dollars and sea glass, the lucky hunter will discover enough shark teeth to rival the worlds best shark teeth hunting destinations. As water cuts through the sediment layers, all sorts of fossils can be exposed including the teeth. Amazingly, a single shark can produce anywhere between 30,000 to 50,000 teeth in its lifetime (that's a lot of chompers! I will search for shark teeth any time Im on the beach, if not reading or playing games with the family, but if it is low tide during daylight hours, I'm there. Low glare - Make sure the sun is behind you or just over one shoulder so you dont get a glare from the water or wet sand. Shallotte, North. Finally, be sure to check the tides ahead of time. Jacob Danner, who resides in Fernandina Beach, turned heads with the find of a lifetime: a massive megalodon shark tooth. But I can't find anything. Yes, the Gulf Of Mexico has SHARKS but not swarming off the shores of our beaches with black teeth waiting to get you so don't worry. Look at a patch of sand with shells on it near the waterline and think shiny black triangles. 4. In addition, the cliffs themselves can be dangerous, so be sure to keep a safe distance from the cliff as falling debris is known to come tumbling down frequently. Finding the first one is often the hardest. Reading Suggestion: Does Folly Beach Have Sharks? Im at Said beach looking for sharks teeth, from my research it seems like an okay area to find them. In addition to larger teeth, youre liable to find a host of smaller teeth belonging to species like sand tiger and reef sharks, many of which still frequent the coastal waters of Folly Island. Another barrier island on the Atlantic Coast, Kiawah boasts one of the best beaches in the world. The reserve offers free guided tours of the cave four days a week, during which visitors can see some of the fossils and artifacts that have been unearthed over the years from bones and shells to early Hawaiian fish hooks and tools. Many of us who call the Pacific ocean home have spent many hours scouring the beach and have never had the luck of finding a single shark tooth. All you have to do is know where and how to look. Spend some time walking the beaches here and youre bound to not only find shark teeth, but other fossils as well. Also, the little tidal pools left on the shore side of the sand bar can be a great place to find larger teeth. The occasional megalodon tooth does wash ashore onto Wrightsville Beach, but youre more likely to find triangular smooth-edged teeth belonging to more common modern-day species like the Atlantic Sharpness. Concretions are fairly common here. Amelia island, Georgia Located just south of Cumberland Island (#2 on this list) is Amelia Island. Eventually, it begins to fossilize. number: 3, This means that collecting on the Virginia side will not be possible unless you have permission to access private property. Ive been addicted to hunting shark teeth on beaches for a long time. Reading Suggestion: 12 Common Types Of Palm Trees In California. It is also against the law to dig in the cliffs. It doesnt get particularly busy, but early morning is still the best time for a fossil hunt. Blue Shark Tooth Sifter 7" Basket. So make sure you are looking for color versus white. Spoiler! North Carolina is a hotspot for these giant prehistoric teeth that date back some 20 million years. Believe it or not, but shark teeth can be found on pretty much any beach in the world. Hunting shark teeth just after an off-shore storm increases your chances of finding something really special, like a great white tooth or even the fossilized tooth of a megalodon shark. Shark teeth are relics of shark evolution and biology. Monda Laughlin Hussey, who regularly goes on walks on the beach near Holden Fishing pier, which is about three miles from the site of one of the attacks, too a photo of two sharks that she saw this morning at around 10:30 a.m. Much of North Carolina was underwater when the megalodon still dominated our seas. Fun fact: Sharks have multiple rows of teeth, adding up to hundreds of teeth in their mouths at any given time. As water seeps through sediments over the teeth, it transports the minerals that are found in the sediment. Do Sharks Have Bones? There is something so powerful and mystifying about finding a shark tooth from the very small to the palm-sized and ancient Megalodon-sized teeth. Most fossil shark teeth are found in sedimentary rock where the layers were once at the bottom of shallow areas of the ocean. After a storm or offshore dredging - Any time something churns the water and sand right off the shore, more shark teeth usually make it to the beach. Where humans now splash in the waves, mega sharks once swam in their hundreds. The Holden Beach Fishing Pier is a 700-foot rustic pier that is a beloved, iconic gathering spot for fishing in this seaside community. Parts of Florida have been underwater on and off for millions of years. For a few years, we used to vacation at Holden and Ocean Isle beaches in North Carolina, and while we love the beauty and relative quiet of those areas, we became frustrated with the lack of shark teeth. Also remember that on the Virginia side of the river, private property starts at the low tide line. Most of the shark teeth found here are some 100 meters below sea level, so these trips are only for advanced divers. Anthney also shows a couple of huge megalodon teeth - teeth from ancient . And of course spending time on the beach is almost the first thing most of us think about. Found these two little guys/gals today while doing some volunteer work. And it shows. These can be obtained from theSouth Carolina Institute for Archeology and Anthropology. Mayor Betty Wallace of Oak Island, a seaside town bordered to the south by the Atlantic Ocean, said that hours after the teenage girl suffered severe injuries in a shark attack Sunday a teenage boy was also severely injured. We had no idea how popular shark teeth hunting is on Manasota Key. Milligan told ABC News that the shark was large and was able to fit the majority of the boy's left arm in one bite. Morris Island is one of the most tranquil beaches in South Carolina, giving you a more relaxed atmosphere in which to unearth your prized megalodon teeth. Early in my flight lessons, my instructor told me, among other things, not to perform a continuous scan of the sky ahead but to break it into sections and stare into them for a few moments. There are around40 different species of the modern-day sharklurking in the warm waters off Folly Beach, although the chances of finding fresh, white teeth from todays sharks are much slimmer than those of discovering a blackened, fossilized specimen from one of the long-extinct mega sharks. Do Sharks Have Bones? Good luck! Not only are you likely to find fossilized shark teeth, but you could be lucky enough to discover a fresh, white one from one of the modern-day species that frequent the South Carolina coastline. If you have your own tips, please leave them in the comments so this post will truly include the best advice to help everyone find more of these prized fossils. Located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near the city of Bakersfield is Sharktooth Hill. During high tide, the beach is often times completely under water. Her tracker pinged on February 9, 2020 near Surfside Beach in South Carolina. Fossils Forever is an educational shark tooth hunting adventure business that is driven by a passion for fossil collecting and exploring the beautiful South Carolina coastline. Along the tideline of a beach, keep an eye out for triangular shapes. When the conditions are good, Betsy can can find over 100 teeth in a day, so theres no reason you shouldnt come home with at least a couple of souvenirs! Also, the waves tend to deposit more material at the top of the slope. As you go further, you will see fewer people. We'd love to hear from you. Shop by category. Shark Tooth Ocean Sifter 11" Shark Tooth Ocean Sifter 11" Venice, Florida is known as the Shark Tooth Capital of the World for a very good reason. Blacknose sharks ( Carcharhinus acronotus) are relatively small, reaching a maximum size of about 5 feet. Venice beach and the surrounding beaches are a great place to take your family fossil hunting. This large bird was from right here in South Carolina, during the Holocene Period, about 27 million years ago. Are there Shark Teeth in the Outer Banks? During the summer, it gets extremely crowded, making it more difficult for shark tooth hunters to spot their prize. If youre fortunate enough to visit Amelia Island just after they dredge the channel, youre in great luck. You look at lines and zigzags that don't appear to be anything, but if you relax your eyes and let them blur slightly or stare into the distance, you suddenly see a 3D object, like a jet or tiger. "We spotted one shark that was estimated over 7 feet long between the locations of the two bites earlier, and then we spotted another one off, down a little further south, about the same size," Brunswick County Sheriff John Ingram said at a news conference this morning. Bald Head Island has thousands of acres of protected beauty, comprising golden beaches and subtropical forests. (Find Of a Lifetime! But more importantly, starting small gives you practice seeing the shapes and colors. Shark Tooth Island consists of sand, sediment, and limestone rock that UNCW geologists estimate is between 35 and 40 million years old, making it an excellent place for unearthing ancient shark teeth. According to the experts, Great white shark teeth are fairly common along Coastal South Carolina.. Whether on horseback, underwater, running, hiking or just standing with a fishing rod in hand, she embraces everything her adopted home of South Africa has to offer. Head on over to Caspersen Beach in Florida, the unofficial . The family of the other victim, a 12-year-old girl, would not publicly disclose any details about her attack but Town Manager Tim Holloman confirmed to ABC News that she lost part of her arm. Reading Suggestion: Is The Megalodon Still Alive? (Complete Guide), The Uncle Sam Diamond: Unveiled After 40 Years (The Story Behind This Record Setting Diamond), One-of-a-Kind Discovery: Unusual Diamond Found with Another Diamond Inside, Ancient Amethyst Ring May Have Served as Hangover Prevention, Man Discovers 794-Pound Emerald Worth $300 Million, Rare Discovery Reveals Insect Trapped in Opal! It didn't take long before the thrill of finding nice ones pulled them in deeper. Many Florida beaches are ripe with them, including Venice Beach on the gulf coast. Beaches and St. Augustine Beach has been named a Top 10 Beach in the US by TripAdvisor users. Sand bars - Sand bars sometimes emerge as the tide retreats. Here are several: Shark teeth weve found on various NC beaches. The best time to visit Emerald Isle is in the early morning after a storm has unearthed new layers of sediment. Venice Beach, Florida, is called the "shark tooth capital of the world" because of its preponderance of fossilized shark teeth. $73.95. This uninhabited island is situated at the outer reaches of Charleston Harbor and is accessible only by boat. Finding sharks teeth along North Carolinas Outer Banks is relatively common. }. Edisto Beach. This is why you rarely find white shark teeth on a beach. Reading Suggestion: Why Are Sharks Teeth Black? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Emergency responders assist a teenage girl at the scene of a shark attack in Oak Island, N.C., June 14, 2015. "Honestly they both have a long road ahead," Watts said. The gently sloping coastline makes shark teeth relatively easy to find, while beach renourishment projects stir up sediment from the bottom of the ocean, making new teeth visible all the time. Most shark teeth on Edisto beach state park are found along the South Edisto inlet, where they are often easily visible, lying on top of the sand and glinting in the sunlight. It might be hard to spot among the shells and pebbles. orientation: "portrait", Finding shark teeth here is more of a challenge than on Folly Beach but, if you stand in the surf and watch the waves, you might well catch a flash of black as a sharks tooth spins by. In particular, Caspersen Beach is a rocky portion of the area that is home to a glut of Venice Beach fossils. Holden Beach 24 ft 4 persons Instant Confirmation trips from $450 High Tide Fishing Charters 4.9 / 5 (95 reviews) Ocean Isle Beach 26 ft 4 persons Instant Confirmation trips from $350 Fin-Addict Fishing Charters Holden Beach 31 ft 6 persons Instant Confirmation trips from $595 Dockside Fishing Charters 4.8 / 5 (62 reviews) Every few months, it seems another astonishing find is discovered somewhere along the NC coast. (opens in new tab) Comments (0) One of the great mysteries of the ocean -- where sharks are hiding -- has been solved with a map shared thousands of times in the past day on social media. Sharks have 4 rows of teeth and lose hundreds of them daily. They threw the baby shark back in," she told ABC News. There Are Sharks In La Jolla, And You Can Swim With Them, The 8 Best Marine Biologist Programs In The US. Rarer finds such as a tooth from a prehistoric Megladon are over 7 inches. Their fossilized color comes from the sediments that sealed and infused them well in the past. Focus on any shiny black object and ask yourself, is it a triangle? Rather than bringing new teeth onto the shore, an off-shore storm exposes those that are already there, but have been hidden under layers of sand, saysBryan Frazierof the SC Department of Natural Resources. Some teeth are a muted grayish color, some have long, slender points. Home; Featured Article How To Hunt for Shark's Teeth Megladon-Shark-Tooth; gary; No Comments; April 25, 2021; Previous. Gently sloping beaches and clear waters increase your chances of finding a shark tooth, but only if you are patient and persistent. High School Job Shadowing Program/Senior Projects, Your photos at Disney World could end up at Smithsonian Institute, Don't judge a restaurant by its wait time: Omicron variant burns local eateries, Cameron Art Museum announces winter programs, Cameron Art Museum Floating Lantern Ceremony returns Sunday. Officials with Duke Universitys Marine Labs said the tooth was from a prehistoric shark called the hemipristis or snaggletooth shark. text: "Promote your event", Holden Beach NC shark tooth hunting. This means that the newer teeth grow in behind the old. If you do not spot any teeth on the surface, you will need to start digging. If sand dollars and unusual shells appeal as much as shark teeth, stop off by the historic Morris Island lighthouse on your way back and scout around there for a bit before hopping on the boat back to the mainland. It's easy! . megalodon shark tooth found at north topsail beach NC, Look on the right beach - Shark teeth can be discovered in many surprising places including graveled roads and winding creek beds. If you try hard enough, you could find a shark tooth on almost any beach in North Carolina, but if you want to give yourself a fighting chance, a trip to Topsail Beach should be at the top of your list. For many, finding a shark tooth is the closest they'll ever get to a real shark. Megalodon teeth are prized items . Even though the changes in tides are not extreme, they still flood the small beaches along the river with ease, exposing fossils. Reading Suggestion: Are There Sharks in Jamaica? "Fossil shark teeth were used by various prehistoric (pre-European) cultures in North America over the past 10,000 years. Download the WWAY News and StormTrack 3 Weather Apps on your smart phone or tablet device to receive breaking news and weather push notifications the minute it happens. Finding sharks teeth can be a fun family activity, combing the shores looking for the little black triangles and trying to identify what type of shark they may have come from. Mosasaur Late Cretaceous Ocean Tooth Teeth North Carolina Holden Beach Fossil. "Then the shark just came out of the water and like you snap your fingers -- bit his whole arm off.". If there is a lot of material in your vision, and you are at a beach known for having plenty of shark teeth, you will find tiny ones that most people miss because they are walking and looking from a standing height. Know what to look for - Teeth still in a sharks mouth are white. These sharks can be found close to the beach south of Cape Hatteras during the summer and will occasionally enter inlets. This section of the South Carolina coast is geologically unique, combining fossilized remains from three different eras. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "af3eb1cb7a0ffaa976c894c39676915e" );document.getElementById("ha6e1bc81c").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Steeply sloped parts are tough because retreating waves pull hard on the shells and teeth as water rushes back into the ocean and takes most of those items with it. Ive also noticed that if I simply clear my mind, more teeth seem to present themselves. A popular tourist destination, Casey Key continues to be the source of fun and excitement for many vacationers who enjoy looking for shark teeth. Nonetheless, you might need some tips to help you find them, or else you'll rely completely on luck. During our week-long beach vacations, my family and I usually find over a thousand shark teeth. HOLDEN BEACH, NC (WWAY/WSOC) A North Carolina family found a shark tooth at Holden Beach that experts said is 15 million years old. "I believe they were Hanging in that area due to the fisherman. Located just south of Cumberland Island (#2 on this list) is Amelia Island. Archaeological data from the Chesapeake Bay region indicate that six different varieties of fossil shark teeth were collected, modified, and used by native cultures over the past 2,500 years. South Carolina is a hotspot for both modern-day and ancient sharks, largely thanks to its warm waters. Beyond the beach -Shark teeth can be found in lots of places other than beaches. Rock quarries can be great places to find shark teeth but get permission first. County officials said earlier today that both victims are in stable condition. Averaging 1.5 to 2.5 inches long, great white teeth are triangular with coarse serrations along the edges. Check-in date. Reading Suggestion: The 14 Best Beaches in Florida To Find Sharks Teeth. Various beaches and barrier islands along the Atlantic Coast make for excellent shark teeth hunting, even if theyre not widely acknowledged as shark tooth hotspots. It takes a bit of time to train your eye to look for blackened teeth but, once youve found your first one, youll find subsequent teeth much easier to identify. Ive been sifting in the area between the tides, up to about a foot deep. With those kinds of numbers, theres a really good chance that youll be able to find one. This harmless shark species can grow as big as 14 feet with strong jaws filled with thousands of tiny, serrated teeth. Scoop up some sand near the water's edge. I come across more people actively looking for them than when I started almost twenty years ago. Some of the biggest shark teeth to be found are heavy and therefore do not easily get washed back into the ocean. Aside from color, make sure you are looking for triangles. This technique is only really effective when youve got around five seconds between each wave, otherwise, the teeth are washed back out to sea before you have a chance to grab them. Oak Island Fire Chief Chris Anselmo said today that they have no way of knowing whether one or multiple sharks was responsible for the twin attacks on Sunday afternoon. The Ernst family also closely works with the major museums in California. No multiply that by 400 million years worth of sharks, and thats a whole lot of shark teeth floating around out there. In the surf - Some of the larger ones Ive found have been in the surf where the water is hitting me somewhere between my ankles and calves. Try looking for parks near the Potomac river that offer access to the river. Sometimes, shark teeth will have serrated edges and are curved in a certain way, depending on what side of the mouth the tooth was on. "My heart was kind of just in my mouth," Danner told News4Jax. Why Is The South Pacific The Most Dangerous Ocean In The World? Lower Jurassic, Shuttle Meadow & East Berlin FMs, Nut Case for lithified life! In addition to being a beautiful setting for fossil hunting, the many beaches that are located on Casey Key are all excellent destinations for hunting for sharks teeth. virtual: false, The minerals in the sediment gradually replace the original tooth material. Xander Buck found the tooth at Ocean Creek Resort. That's a lot of shark teeth, especially as the world's shark population is currently estimated to be around one billion ! The family said their son found the tooth while on. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Topsail Beach is one of the most well-known shark tooth islands along the East Coast. Just last year,one lucky couple discovered two 3-inch-long shark teeth on the island. ). I searched about one mile of beach, and within it I tried to cover as much space as possible.
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