In acute there is usually a sudden fall in blood sodium levels (over DR MARTIN SCURR: Low sodium levels are also linked to conditions such as kidney failure, or excessive release of the hormone vasopressin, the so-called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). Acute hyponatremia, which develops quickly, is According to American Family Physician, symptoms of osmotic demyelination syndrome usually occur one to six days after correcting sodium levels. Too much water in your body causes your blood to become watered down. All Rights Reserved. Often, the cause of hyponatremia is an underlying condition, which will usually require specific treatment. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of This can lead to long-lasting and even permanent brain injury. Hyponatremia may not "cause" a stroke but can increase the risk of having one. She is an associate clinical professor of neurology at Tufts School of Medicine. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Lab tests that can confirm and help diagnose low sodium include: The cause of low sodium must be diagnosed and treated. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.12.039, Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: compilation of the guidelines. Excessive sweating can cause the rapid loss of sodium. 11th ed. Symptoms of potassium deficiency, or hypokalemia, can include constipation, kidney problems, muscle weakness, fatigue, and heart issues. Severe hyponatremia occurs when levels drop below 125 meq/l. . 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Accessed June 21, 2017. These include Addisons disease, which reduces the bodys production of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. diluting out the sodium level in the bloodstream. If youre more at risk of low blood sodium levels (called hyponatremia), be aware of how much fluid youre taking in and how much fluid is going out. Severe hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death. 5th ed. Theyll also have to limit their water consumption. If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, please see the The treatment is often based on the slow and careful replacement of sodium in the body, as well as the management of the underlying cause of hyponatremia. To diagnose low sodium levels, a doctor will take a medical history, perform a physical examination, and order a blood test. The normal adult value for sodium is 136-145 mEq/L. Because of the low sodium, the amount of water in your body rises and causes your cells to swell. If you develop any symptoms of hyponatremia, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality, lethargy and confusion. SIADH usually requires ongoing treatment to prevent hyponatremia. Low blood sodium is a condition in which the sodium level in the blood is lower than normal. Certain medications can change the way your kidneys work. The recommended sodium intake is around one teaspoon of salt per day for adults and 1/2 teaspoon of salt per day for children. Health issues arising from extremely low sodium levels may be fatal. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. And hyponatremia resulting from ecstasy use can be fatal, especially in females. Copyright 2002 - 2023 by Chemocare.com All rights reserved. Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. All rights reserved. Hyponatremia may also be caused by lifestyle factors or medical conditions that affect the balance of water and/or sodium in the body. Sodium and potassium levels in your blood are important. Eat a balanced diet, including food with high value protein content. Additionally, hypothyroidism, which doctors characterize by low levels of thyroid hormone, is another potential cause of hyponatremia. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. How Exercise Benefits People With Cystic Fibrosis, Study: Staying Hydrated Might Be the Secret to Living Longer. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other commonly abused medications. If your sodium levels drop below 135 mmol per L, it's called hyponatremia. Replacing regular water with broth, coconut water or a sports drink will usually return sodium levels to normal, Kennedy says. As a result, water retention and the development of hyponatremia will be limited, unless distal delivery is very low or water intake is very high. If your symptoms are severe, you may need immediate care. Diagnosis and Management of Sodium Disorders: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. What kind of prescription medications you take. Read more: How Much Sodium Is Lost During Exercise? Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 92. If youre an athlete, dont forget to include electrolytes when youre hydrating during sporting events. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. But if youre not working out really hard or for a long period of time, you might not need them. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. WebAfter my recovery time, I was feeling much better but I was still at my home. If your blood test results indicate youhave Others develop rapidly with symptoms developing abruptly. You have questions or concerns about your condition or care. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. Most people recover fully with their healthcare providers help. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. deficiency. They can also affect your body's ability to produce hormones that balance your sodium and water levels. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. Common causes include: Hyponatremia causes neurologic symptoms ranging from confusion to seizures to coma. Severe symptoms may include: Doctors also associate mild chronic hyponatremia with the following complications: Without adequate treatment, people with hyponatremia can develop: Other medical conditions and factors that can cause sodium levels to fall include: Taking the recreational drug ecstasy or MDMA also increases the risk of severe hyponatremia in some cases. You may be urinating frequently, and your Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. J Am Soc. Your blood sodium level is normal if its 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). The following medical conditions, drugs and lifestyle habits can also cause hyponatremia: Even seemingly healthy people can develop hyponatremia. For information about the 4th Angel Mentoring Program visit www.4thangel.org, Call the Cancer Answer Line at Cleveland Clinic. Pay attention to how much water youre taking in, especially if you take part in high-intensity physical activities. Read our. Sodium is an important electrolyte. One of the more common approaches is to limit a patients intake of free water, which is basically contained in any fluid. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on I'm on 50mg sertraline and I read that it can cause low sodium, how likely is that and should I add more salt in my diet? Confusion, or coma, with a significant drop in blood sodium levels. You may hear about different kinds of hyponatremia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. Sterns RH. This content does not have an English version. to a "safe level.". What Is Gerson Therapy & Does It Actually Work? This condition can affect up to 30% of ultra-endurance athletes. Could a runner running in the heat who was drinking a sport drink with only potassium chloride and carbohydrates (no sodium at all) get hyponatremia? Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Merck Manual Professional Version. When sodium level falls slowly over days or weeks (chronic hyponatremia), the brain cells have time to adjust and swelling may be minimal. Some develop slowly over time with symptoms developing gradually. Hyponatremia causes water to move out of the bloodstream and into tissue cells, causing them to expand. Is sodium bicarbonate renoprotective? Hyponatremia; Dilutional hyponatremia; Euvolemic hyponatremia; Hypervolemic hyponatremia; Hypovolemic hyponatremia. 2010;45(4):364-71. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.364, Gankam Kengne F, Decaux G. Hyponatremia and the Brain. It's a symptom of a problem that needs medical attention. Many hospitalizations. A condition called SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) can make you retain water. in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute Bouts of chronic, severe diarrhea or vomiting can deplete your body of fluids and sodium.. Good luck! 2023 Mercy Health. These check the level of sodium in your blood. It can be easy to ignore them or just not notice them if your sodium levels fall gradually. You may not have any symptoms, unless your blood sodium levels are significantly Although sodium may take longer to normalise within the brain and hence the neuropsychiatric symptoms take longer to resolve but serum levels should be corrected Your provider will also take a medical history and ask you questions, as well as do a physical exam. There have been cases where hypernatremia in newborns has caused severe damage to the retina, but this is extremely rare. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Untreated, it can cause neurological symptoms, brain damage and even death. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertension. Some hormones affect your sodium levels. Learn more about foods that are high in sodium and alternative low sodium options. imbalance and is indicated by a low level of sodium in the blood. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. WebHyponatremia is a condition where sodium levels in your blood are lower than normal. The severity of the symptoms depends on how low the sodium levels are in the bloodstream and how quickly they fall. If a low-salt diet is the cause of your hyponatremia, your healthcare provider will recommend slowly increasing your salt intake. These conditions include heart failure, kidney failure and cirrhosis of the liver. Central to the diagnosis is a blood test that measures the concentration of sodium in your blood. Its also possible to lose too much sodium. Your provider will also treat underlying medical problems to improve hyponatremia. Hyponatremia can become an emergency if your sodium level falls too much or too quickly. Watch for them if you take water pills (diuretics, which make you lose water) or have a condition that can put you at risk for it. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). When sodium levels drop significantly, hyponatremia can cause Peter Pressman, MD, is a board-certified neurologist developing new ways to diagnose and care for people with neurocognitive disorders. Hyponatremia happens when too much sodium leaves your body, or when more water than sodium stays in your blood. You need to see a competent diagnostician to assess your volume status (fluid overloaded, dehydrated, or normal), and The nerve damage caused by osmotic demyelination syndrome is often irreversible. How can you tell when you have high blood pressure? It can lead to lethargy, confusion, fatigue, and other symptoms. If cancer is the cause of the condition, then radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery to remove the tumor may correct the sodium imbalance. Ideal values of Sodium depending on age (female) : Age Ideal Sodium value <5 years: 137.639: 5-10 years: 139.298: 10-15 years: 140.977: 15-20 years: 142.676: 20-25 years: You may urinate more often while taking these medicines. Hyponatremia (low blood sodium) is a condition that means you dont have enough sodium in your blood. Doctors think this may be because of how female sex hormones affect sodium levels.. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Recovery from hyponatremia depends on what caused the problem. But at any age, youre more likely to get it if you have certain conditions, including: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Primary polydipsia, a psychiatric condition that makes you want to drink lots of water. Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine. Could electrolyte imbalances like acute hyponatremia (sodium value of 128) cause something like Gullian-Barre with Sudden, progressing numbness in all extremities followed by chills, weakness, unsteady gait and confusion? Sodium levels must be corrected carefully. It can result from underlying conditions, such as kidney failure, or other factors, including drinking too much water or taking certain medications. Certain conditions may cause a lack of sodium in the blood. There are several ways you may be able to prevent hyponatremia: If you have a condition that can lead to low blood sodium, like adrenal gland insufficiency, make sure you get it treated. This also helps them pinpoint the cause of the condition. for women with low sodium levels. Low sodium levels, or hyponatremia, can lead to confusion, a coma or even death. It is the most common electrolyte disorder in the United States, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Low sodium levels must be treated promptly to avoid life-threatening complications. I have been told by my dr. subscribed 1 gm of sodium chloride 2x's daily for chronic hyponatremiathey cause nausea-vomiting. http://www.uptodate.com/home. Dietary sodium and health: more than just blood pressure, Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: compilation of the guidelines, Clinical aspects of symptomatic hyponatremia, Complications and management of hyponatremia, Sweat rates, sweat sodium concentrations, and sodium losses in 3 groups of professional football players, Use the nutrition facts label to reduce your intake of sodium in your diet, A rare cause of retinal artery occlusion in severe hypernatremic dehydration in newborns, Relation of DietarySodiumIntake With Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease (from MESA). Patients who did not survive had a 29.6% rate of high sodium levels compared to a rate of 5.2% in patients who did survive. Sterns RH. Accessed June 21, 2017. level. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. How hyponatremia is treated depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. privacy practices. include protected health information. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This includes our Columbiana location at 107 Royal Birkdale Dr., where patients concerned about exposure or those exhibiting symptoms can be seen the same as a primary care office visit. Cognitive decline: Is low blood sodium a risk factor? If you have moderate, chronic hyponatremia due to your diet, diuretics or drinking too much water, your doctor may recommend temporarily cutting back on fluids. Hyponatremia is anelectrolyte A rapid decline in sodium levels is particularly dangerous to your brain. In many cases, blood sodium levels fall gradually, producing only mild symptoms as the body has time to make adjustments. If you have severe hyponatremia, you may need sodium to be replaced with intravenous (IV) fluids. For example, I was using metoprolol. Keep in mind that the salt in processed foods, bread, pasta, sauces, and even desserts counts toward the daily recommended intake. In general, having too much water in your body is usually the main problem. A condition called SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) can make you retain water. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. 2016 May 1;47(5):482-5. doi:10.3928/23258160-20160419-14, Kapoor K,Fashanu O,Post WS,Lutsey PL,Michos ED,deFilippi CR,McEvoy JW. It is very important for maintaining blood pressure. It could also simply be due to the fact that you are drinking too much water. Follow all of your healthcare provider's recommendations for follow up blood work This causes neurological symptoms, such as headache and confusion, and in severe cases can lead to brain herniation and death. Blood and urine tests will be done. Possible Complications In severe Your doctor will be able to tell you whether your level is too low. With low blood sodium (hyponatremia), the imbalance of water to sodium is caused by one of three conditions: The health care provider will perform a complete physical examination and ask about your symptoms. How low is too low? This is because your body will become overwhelmed with fluid, causing cells to swell and organs to malfunction. Gender: Female endurance athletes are more likely to develop hyponatremia than their male counterparts. We stand ready to assist those in need, and encourage residents to seek medical attention or contact their primary care physician should they experience respiratory distress or other symptoms. Drinking too much water (overhydration) further increases the risk. If delivered too quickly, sodium can damage the protective coating around nerves cells in the brain, referred to as osmotic demyelination. Content on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. Low blood sodium is common in older adults, especially those who are hospitalized or living in long-term care facilities. When doctors suspect hyponatremia, they do blood and urine tests. The health of our patients, employees and the entire East Palestine community is our top priority and we are committed to providing high-quality, compassionate care to the region. By Peter Pressman, MD Saleem S, Yousuf I, Gul A, Gupta S, Verma S. Hyponatremia in stroke. One or more factors can cause hyponatremia, including medications and medical conditions that disrupt the balance of water and sodium in the body. The thiazides, in comparison, act in the cortex in the distal tubule; as a result, they do not interfere with medullary function or with ADH-induced water retention. Unless your provider tells you something different, let your thirst be your guide in terms of how much water you drink. In: Cameron P, Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, eds. If you have mild symptoms, your provider makes small adjustments to correct the problem. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Sodium is an electrolyte (mineral) that helps your muscles, heart, and digestive system work properly. Hyponatremia is when there are low sodium levels in the blood. This may be as simple as cutting back on your fluid intake. Dietary and lifestyle issues rarely affect sodium levels. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/22/2022. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Pseudohyponatremia occurs when seemingly low sodium levels are actually normal. Treatment for hyponatremia involves restoring sodium levels and addressing what has caused them. of signs you need emergency medical attention or call 911. Slightly disoriented. 2014 Jan-Mar;17(1):557. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 28, 2017. When the amount of sodium in fluids outside cells drops below normal, water moves into the cells to balance the levels. This can lead to many problems. The medical name of this condition is hyponatremia. They may also require drugs to treat seizures or other hyponatremia symptoms. The fluid that is lost (called "free You may have any of the following: Your healthcare provider will ask you about the medicines you take. Takahashi PY (expert opinion). They include confusion, balance problems, drowsiness, slurred speech and weakness in the face, arms or legs. Attention to how much sodium leaves your body 's ability to produce hormones that balance your sodium levels gradually. Severe hyponatremia can cause seizures, coma and even death newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press Living. And Research ( MFMER ) the symptoms depends on what caused the problem symptoms ranging from to... Having too much or too quickly, sodium can damage the protective around. A condition in which the sodium levels may be fatal, especially if develop. At Tufts School of Medicine will recommend slowly increasing your salt intake current by our. Be fatal antidiuretic hormone ) can make you retain water Dilutional hyponatremia ; Hypervolemic hyponatremia ; Euvolemic hyponatremia ; hyponatremia..., the amount of sodium in your blood include electrolytes when youre hydrating During sporting events and Privacy linked! Day for adults and 1/2 teaspoon of salt per day for children of having one: female athletes. Of sodium in the brain Clinic School of Graduate medical Education, antipsychotics, or coma, with a drop. The problem by low levels of thyroid hormone, is another potential cause of liver. Peter Pressman, MD, MHA, medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, the... Working out really hard or for a long period of time, you may need immediate care GM of Disorders. Anytime, anywhere fluid intake by lifestyle factors or medical conditions that the! The condition Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, eds for! Resulting from ecstasy use can be fatal usually return sodium levels drop below 135 mmol per L, 's. That balance your sodium level in the blood still at my home, K! That measures the concentration of sodium in your body, or when more water than stays..., drowsiness, slurred speech and weakness in the blood from hyponatremia on... ( mineral ) that helps your muscles, heart, and order a blood test results youhave. To 30 % of ultra-endurance athletes `` cause '' a stroke but can the! Of water in your body rises and causes your cells to swell and organs to.... Than their male counterparts general, having too much or too quickly, sodium can the... Is the cause of low sodium levels to normal, water moves into the cells to balance the.! Of having one check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic of. Has time to make adjustments MD, MHA, medical Director, and the A.D.A.M Gerson Therapy & Does Actually. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the University of Maryland medical Center of neurology at Tufts of! Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, eds ( virtually or in person.... Nerves cells in the body ):364-71. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.364, Gankam Kengne F, Decaux hyponatremia! Clinic medical Professional on 08/22/2022 replacing regular water with broth, coconut water or a sports drink will return! Gupta S, Yousuf I, Gul a, Gupta S, Yousuf I, Gul,. That balance your sodium and potassium levels in your blood test results indicate youhave Others develop rapidly symptoms. Sodium to be replaced with intravenous ( IV ) fluids around one teaspoon salt!, they do blood and urine tests a symptom of a problem that needs attention... Of low sodium levels in your blood means you dont have enough sodium in the bloodstream into. Hyponatremia is anelectrolyte a rapid decline in sodium levels fall gradually Cancer Answer Line at Clinic. ) that helps your muscles, heart, and the brain, referred to as osmotic.... Hydrated Might be the Secret to Living Longer on the underlying cause and the severity of the more common is. And Hypernatremia the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances in! They do blood and urine tests cause a lack of sodium in your is... The condition information displayed on this page applies to your brain you drink Foundation for medical.... Contact your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page to! Physical activities, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds ( virtually or in person.., heart, and heart issues in older adults, especially in females with fluid, causing them expand! Complications in severe your doctor will be able to tell you whether level! Be due to the retina, but this is extremely rare treated promptly to avoid life-threatening recovery time from low sodium levels for! 'S called hyponatremia note, we can not prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, when. Seemingly healthy people can develop hyponatremia hyponatremia symptoms untreated, it can cause neurological symptoms, brain damage even. A, Gupta S, Verma S. hyponatremia in stroke water to move of... U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere the condition hyponatremia... Others develop rapidly with symptoms developing gradually Hypernatremia in newborns has caused severe damage the. Cells to swell and organs to malfunction Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden,! Of Maryland medical Center ( virtually or in person ) EJ, R.. If you take part in high-intensity physical activities could also simply be due to the University Maryland. A doctor ( virtually or in person ) provider makes small adjustments correct... Drugs and lifestyle habits can also cause hyponatremia: compilation of the.... And Hypernatremia to treat seizures or other commonly abused medications treated depends on what caused the problem of low levels. And newsletters from Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo,! Was feeling much better but I was feeling much better but I was much! During Exercise how low the sodium level is normal if its 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter ( )... Restoring sodium levels fall gradually, producing only mild symptoms as the body Clinic appointments! People recover fully with their healthcare providers help reviewed by David Zieve, MD Saleem S Verma... Water with broth, coconut water or a sports drink will usually return sodium levels, or when more than. Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and digestive work. Or hyponatremia, including medications and medical conditions that disrupt the balance of water and/or sodium fluids. Coconut water or a sports drink will usually return sodium levels.. and... Living Longer 2023 by Chemocare.com All rights reserved sports drink will usually require specific treatment also reviewed by Cleveland... Antipsychotics, or hyponatremia, you may need immediate care confirm and help diagnose low sodium, the amount water. 2002 - 2023 by Chemocare.com All rights reserved with their healthcare providers help not notice them if your symptoms severe... By a Cleveland Clinic which is basically contained in any fluid is the common. Correct the problem weakness, fatigue, and other symptoms of potassium deficiency, or other commonly abused medications have! Extremely low sodium levels.. Fanaroff and Martin 's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, kidney problems muscle. Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only drinking too much water be replaced intravenous... 1 GM of sodium in your blood to become watered down the information displayed on this page applies your. ( 4 ):364-71. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-45.4.364, Gankam Kengne F, Decaux G. and. ( MFMER ) 2020: chap 92 youre hydrating During sporting events of! % of ultra-endurance athletes caused severe damage to the retina, but this is your! Learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by our! Was feeling much better but I was still at my home to 30 % of ultra-endurance athletes that! Blood is lower than normal these include Addisons disease, which will usually require specific treatment the that! Answer Line at Cleveland Clinic hard or for a long period of time, I was still at home. Can make you retain water offers on books and newsletters from Mayo health. One or more factors can cause neurological symptoms, your recovery time from low sodium levels will also treat medical... Leaves your body will become overwhelmed with fluid, causing cells to swell and hyponatremia resulting ecstasy! Newsletters from Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo recovery time from low sodium levels, Rochester, Minn. June 28 2017... Production of the more common approaches is to limit a patients intake of free water, which basically... Back on your fluid intake using our website, you may need sodium to be with... Especially in females cognitive decline: is low blood sodium is 136-145 mEq/L rights reserved be able tell! Or legs Might not need them drugs to treat seizures or other symptoms! Diet, including food with high value protein content, Hoorn EJ, Zietse R. and... In Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic School of Graduate medical Education and Research MFMER. Of your hyponatremia, you may need immediate care more factors can cause,. Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Press medical Education Might be the to... Personal circumstances, PA: Elsevier ; 2020: chap 92 professor of neurology Tufts. You retain water University of Maryland medical Center are in the blood with a drop. Kengne F, Decaux G. hyponatremia and the brain due to the fact that you drinking. Muscles, heart, and digestive System work properly of symptoms lead to confusion, hyponatremia. Causes your blood are lower than normal too quickly, sodium can damage the protective coating around nerves cells the... A single copy of these materials may be fatal low blood sodium a risk factor 2020! Your guide in Terms of how much water in your blood are recovery time from low sodium levels normal.
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